Empirically-Derived Analytic Models of
                 Wide-Area TCP Connections: Extended Report

                                Vern Paxson
                      Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and
             EECS Division, University of California, Berkeley
                              vern@ee.lbl.gov
                                 LBL-34086

        We analyze 2.5 million TCP connections that occurred during
        14 wide-area traffic traces.  The traces were gathered at
        five "stub" networks and two internetwork gateways, providing
        a diverse look at wide-area traffic.  We derive analytic
        models describing the random variables associated with
        telnet, nntp, smtp, and ftp connections, and present a
        methodology for comparing the effectiveness of the analytic
        models with empirical models such as tcplib \cite{Danzig91}.
        Overall we find that the analytic models provide good
        descriptions, generally modeling the various distributions as
        well as empirical models and in some cases better.